Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• , wherein the three-component complex of VE-cadherin, p120, and β-catenin, which interacts with the actin cytoskeleton of cells, is of key importance [21][26]. A key role of NanoEL induction is attributed to the extracellular domain of VE-cadherin (VE-cad) located in the intercellular gaps, which are ca

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• intracellular structures, such as in adherens junctions (zona adherens and adhesion junctions) and protein complexes composed of E-type cadherins tethered to the actin cytoskeleton through the linker protein group of catenins [15]. One example is cardiac muscle, in which β-catenin localizes to adherens

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• substrate stiffness and the mechanical properties of cells in prostate tumour metastasis, providing a basis for understanding the changes in the biomechanical properties at a single-cell level. Keywords: actin cytoskeleton; atomic force microscopy; migration; prostate cancer cells; substrate stiffness

• with different stiffness. On stiff substrates, the F-actin cytoskeleton organized into bundles and increased the elasticity while the viscosity of PC-3 cells decreased to enhance their migration ability. Furthermore, the results of the treatment with the myosin-binding protein inhibitor suggested that

• the response of PCa cells to the extracellular matrix may have been caused by differences in F-actin cytoskeleton organization, leading to changes in the mechanical properties of the cells. Since mechanical properties measured at the nanoscale can be used as an indicator of cancer cell migration, this

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• detected differences in the actin cytoskeleton structures between cancerous and normal breast cells that were not discerned by the human eye [105]. Nitta et al. developed an intelligent real-time cell sorter, by combining deep-learning with microfluidics. They achieved automated classification of

Examination of the relationship between viscoelastic properties and the invasion of ovarian cancer cells by atomic force microscopy

• Mengdan Chen,
• Jinshu Zeng,
• Weiwei Ruan,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Shusen Xie,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 568–582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.45

• density of F-actin cytoskeleton. The migration of cancer cells is critical for their tumorigenic properties and can be measured by using cell migration assays [41]. The average healing rates of OVCAR-3 and HO-8910 were significantly greater than that of HOSEpiC (Figure 2a,b), which is consistent with the

• (KeyGEN BioTECH) was used to investigate the distribution of the actin cytoskeleton among these cells. The density of actin filaments in HOSEpiC cells was higher than that in HO-8910 cells (Figure 2f), demonstrating the microfilament density is related to the viscoelsticity of the cells. This is also

• changes in migration (Figure 5) and invasion (Figure 6), and the microfilament density of the F-actin cytoskeleton (Figure 7) of the cells after Ech treatment . In the cell migration assay, the cells were scratched and treated with 0.25 μM echinomycin for 3 h, and then the cell migration was recorded

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

• rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, a process that seems to be crucial for macropinocytosis [55]. Nona-arginine (R9), dodeca-arginine (R12) as well as Flock-House-Virus-derived peptide, also lead to cell internalization via macropinocytosis [65][66][67]. Furthermore, it is possible that dodeca-arginine

• . When it binds to the adaptor protein complex on the plasma membrane, clathrin rapidly assembles into icosahedral cages. It is thought that the polymerization of clathrin could be responsible for the membrane curvature. The actin cytoskeleton also contributes to membrane bending during CME. There is

Bright fluorescent silica-nanoparticle probes for high-resolution STED and confocal microscopy

• Isabella Tavernaro,
• Christian Cavelius,
• Henrike Peuschel and
• Annette Kraegeloh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.130

• ; 1 h, 1:40 in PBS containing 1% BSA) and GM130 primary antibody (610822, 250 µg/mL, BD Biosciences; 1 h, 25 µg/mL in PBS containing 1% BSA) with Alexa546 goat anti mouse antibody (A 11030, Thermo Fisher Scientific; 1 h, 1:500 in PBS containing 1% BSA) were used to label the actin cytoskeleton and the

• intracellular location of the particles. The actin cytoskeleton is depicted in cyan, the cis-Golgi network in yellow and silica nanoparticles in magenta. Pre-synthesis modification steps of the Atto647N dye. Path A: The dye was modified with a cysteic acid linker–APTES conjugate (a: DMSO, NEt3, rt, overnight; b

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

• (i.e., focal adhesions (FAs) that are complexes of proteins anchoring to the substrate and regulating cell adhesion strength, and actin cytoskeleton) have been observed to change and adapt to surface topography. Probably the influence of the topography on these internal structures provokes the

• reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton has been observed in experiments where cells were placed on small ECM islands and then showed limited spreading [247]. SMCs: SMCs showed on microgrooved PDMS substrates a parallel alignment of actin filaments with respect to the groove axis [21][45]. In another study

• proliferative genes. YAP/TAZ acts as a mechanical checkpoint and is not only regulated by the Hippo pathway but also by the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton [247][269][270]. ECs: It has been demonstrated that ECs cultured on small areas coated with ECM protein (below 300 µm2) showed a weak actin stress

Tight junction between endothelial cells: the interaction between nanoparticles and blood vessels

• Yue Zhang and
• Wan-Xi Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 675–684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.60

• cells and increased mRNA and protein expression of VEDF [71], which may account for the increasing permeability due to the low shear stress. ZO proteins ZO proteins exihibt the ability to link occludins or claudins to the actin cytoskeleton and are generally regarded as TJ scaffold due to several

Atomic force microscopy as analytical tool to study physico-mechanical properties of intestinal cells

• Christa Schimpel,
• Oliver Werzer,
• Eleonore Fröhlich,
• Gerd Leitinger,
• Markus Absenger-Novak,
• Birgit Teubl,
• Andreas Zimmer and
• Eva Roblegg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1457–1466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.151

• actin cytoskeleton, it also controls gelation of F-actin by inducing bundling of actin-filaments and thereby assures the stability of microvilli [42]. Hence, it is likely that differences in the mechanical properties of Caco-2 and M cells, such as elasticity and adhesion, might occur. To study this in

Mechanical properties of MDCK II cells exposed to gold nanorods

• Anna Pietuch,
• Bastian Rouven Brückner,
• David Schneider,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Christina Rosman,
• Carsten Sönnichsen and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 223–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.21

• indentation. Higher concentrations of particles eventually lead to disassembly of the actin cytoskeleton and therefore to softening of the cells. PEGylated particles do not provoke a change in cell elasticity but this is simply because they do not enter cells as efficiently. Experimental MDCK II cells were

Different endocytotic uptake mechanisms for nanoparticles in epithelial cells and macrophages

• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Benjamin Michen,
• Fabian Blank,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1625–1636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.174

• × PBS, then permeabilized for 15 minutes with 0.2% Triton X and then washed again with 1× PBS. The F-actin cytoskeleton was stained with rhodamine phalloidin (Invitrogen, Luzern, Switzerland) at a dilution of 1:50 in 1× PBS. Following this step, the cells were then washed and mounted in glycergel

• position of the XZ slice shown in the lower picture. The apical side of the cells corresponds to the bottom line of the images. Endocytotic uptake proteins are shown in green and the actin cytoskeleton in red. Scale bar: 8 µm. Investigation of cell morphology after inhibitor treatment. Healthy cells (green

Model systems for studying cell adhesion and biomimetic actin networks

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johannes P. Frohnmayer and
• Joachim P. Spatz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1193–1202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.131

• synthetic cells will certainly pave the way for model systems with tailored properties, which can also play an important role in targeted drug delivery or the development of novel implant materials. Schematic view of active integrin molecules linking the ECM to the actin cytoskeleton. The heads of the

• interference contrast microscopy (RICM) experiments (Figure 3) it was observed that integrin-GUVs adhered to fibrinogen surfaces in a two-step spreading process without any enrichment of integrins in the adhesive patches. From these observations Streicher et al. concluded that the role of the actin

• cytoskeleton in natural cells is to stabilise more integrins in the adhesion zones to form focal adhesion spots by recruiting FAK and other cytoplasmic proteins. 3. Biomimetic actin cortices in lipid vesicles Due to the importance of actin in cell adhesion several studies have already been presented on the

The softening of human bladder cancer cells happens at an early stage of the malignancy process

• Jorge R. Ramos,
• Joanna Pabijan,
• Ricardo Garcia and
• Malgorzata Lekka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 447–457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.52

• Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.5.52 Abstract Various studies have demonstrated that alterations in the deformability of cancerous cells are strongly linked to the actin cytoskeleton. By using atomic force

• -malignant cells. This underlines the diagnostic character of stiffness that can be used as a biomarker of bladder cancer. Similar stiffness levels, observed for cancerous cells, cannot be fully explained by the organization of the actin cytoskeleton since it is different in all malignant cells. Our results

• influence of certain such compounds as chitosan [14] or cisplatin [20] on the mechanics of single cells, while pointing out that studies on the correlation between the mechanical properties and the structure of the actin cytoskeleton are particularly important for developing and monitoring cancer therapies